The Poetry Of Langston Hughes - 1498 Words

Poetry, just like music, is a form of expressing the human language in a manner that manipulates the emotion and thought. With this definition in mind, poetry evolves as time and atmospheres change, and as they change, new challenges become present leading to different kinds of expressions and feelings about an environment. Thus, it is with these changing expressions and ideas that poetry itself evolves. However, poetry’s foundation does not rest solely on the fact that it is a medium through which feelings are expressed, but it is the medium through which many poets teach, and articulate revolutionary conceptions. This aspect can be applied to the famous poet Langston Hughes, whom by expressing his feelings of oppression in a racist†¦show more content†¦Aside from the how the first stanza exemplified African American pride, is how the second stanza defines what it means to be an African American. Within the second stanza that states â€Å" I am the darker brother/T hey send me to eat in the kitchen/When company comes/ But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong.†, The metaphor of Blacks being sent into a kitchen demonstrates how diversity in America between those of white and dark complexion has led to a segregated environment. Hughes suggests that whites consider Blacks as the shame and scum of society to the extent that they are sent in a desolate place, when company and opportunity is presented. Moreover, Hughes explains that no matter the circumstances or predispositions set against Blacks, African Americans will continue to eat well and grow strong, as well as persevere through the hardship until they acquire the freedom and prestige that they deserve. Apart from this, Hughes suggests how African Americans will achieve their freedom in society, within the third stanza that states Tomorrow,/ I’ll be at the table /When company comes./ Nobody’ll dare Say to me,/ ‘Eat in the kitchen,’/ Then.† What Hughes infers within this stanza is that the pain and oppression put upon African African Americans will finally come to an endShow MoreRelatedThe Poetry Of Langston Hughes1727 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is arguably one of the best known American writers of the twentieth century. He played an important influential part in the Harlem Renaissance, his poetry and other literary works helped pave way to a new wave of African American culture and literature. Hughes had a wide variety of works, he was much more than just a poet; he was a short-story writer, novelist, and playwright (Brucker). He was also very involved in the Black Arts Movement, and had works published in â€Å"The Crisis† theRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry649 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes, the most memorable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, wrote everything from plays, short stories, novels, and most importantly poetry. Hughes’ writing is based on his personal views on frustration that he had towards the plight of African Americans. Langston has no fear with anything he is involved in and stood up for his people. Unfortunately, his people responded negatively towards his actions, for they thought he was creating more racial tensions. Nevertheless, this was not Hughes’Read MoreThe Poetry Of Langston Hughes1001 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry is a platform used to express emotions, ideas, and style. Poets take inspiration from their background and past experiences to eloquently formulate their thoughts. Langston Hughes was no exception. Famous for his contribution to the embracement of African American culture in America during the Harlem Renaissance, Hughes began forming his thoughts into poetry early in his life. From growing up in segregated American and his involvement in the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes accounts theRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes Poetry2405 Words   |  10 PagesLangston Hughes was primarily an American poet and social activist who h ad tremendous racial pride, to say the least. He played an important role in uplifting his people, especially during the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes’ poetry and fiction portrayed the lives of working class blacks in America as well as celebrating African American culture. In his poetry, he strove to speak to, as well as for, the black masses. One of the ways that Hughes would incorporate African American culture and traditionRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry Analysis1008 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1951, Langston Hughes wrote on of his more political poems titled â€Å"Harlem.† It shone light on the need for change in the African American society. Hughes used this poem, and many others like it, to help pioneer the Harlem Renaissance. Born in Joplin,Missouri , Hughes (1902-1967) grew up in Lincoln, Illinois and Cleveland,Ohio. He began writing poetry during his high schoolyears(Gardner,465).His high school companions, most of whom were white, remembered him as a handsome Indi anlooking youthRead MoreIdentity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes2807 Words   |  12 PagesSearch for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes In exploring the problem of identity in Black literature we find no simple or definite explanation. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that it is rooted in the reality of the discriminatory social system in America with its historic origins in the institution of slavery. One can discern that this slavery system imposes a double burden on the Negro through severe social and economic inequalities and through the heavy psychological consequencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poetry977 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes is widely renowned for his ability to represent the struggle of the African American community through his poetry during the time period around the Harlem Renaissance. As a world traveler and successful African American man, he was able to use his fame to enlighten the world, namely the white population, on the inequality and abuse of African American population in the United States. Despite his own battle with unhappiness and inequality (Royster, 344), Hughes was able to captureRead MoreLangston Hughes : African American Poetry1305 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes: African American Poetry Langston Hughes grew up in a time of segregation, as a African American man living during the Civil Rights movement. During this time Langston wrote poetry from this point of view as a African American. Langston Hughes poetry is important due to his content, imagery, and voice. Through Langston’s voice he strengthened African Americans hope while opening the eyes of the white man to see what they are doing is wrong. Langston Hughes was born February 1,1902Read MoreThe Life and Poetry of Langston Hughes Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesCultural History, Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. Growing up, he dealt with some hard times. His parents divorced when he was little and he grew up with neither of his parents. Hughes was raised by his grandmother since his father moved to Mexico after their divorce and his mother moved to Illinois. It was when Hughes was thirteen that he moved out to Lincoln, Illinois to be reunited with his mother. This is where Hughes began writing poetry. However, the familyRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry Analysis Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesArt is the illusion in which we see the truth- Pablo Picasso Langston Hughes clearly connects with a wide range of audiences through the simplicity that surrounds his poetry. The beauty of this manner in which he wrote his poetry, is that it grasp people by illustrating his narratives of the common lifestyles experienced by the current American generation. His art form expresses certain questionable ideologies of life and exposes to the audience what it takes to fully comprehend what being an

Sexual Harassment And Its Effects On The Workplace Essay

2. Findings/Discussion With a specific end to a goal to comprehend the impacts and to find a superior method for reducing sexual harassment in the workplace, it is imperative to realize what is known as Sexual Harassment first (Crull 1984). Sexual harassment can be abstracted as a sequences of collaborations amongst the harassers and victims that either restrain or upsurge violence by outsiders or third parties (McDonald et al. 2010). Different literature suggests how different models of study in sexual harassment predicts the sorts of activities prone to be utilized by culprits to minimize shock, predicts the outcomes of neglecting to utilize strategies such as backfire to raise outrage. Using this outline, this documented study observed outrage management model reported as a proof in 23 cases-decisions of sexual harassment in Australia. It was discovered that harassers minimize this outrage by covering up, undervaluing the objective, reinterpreting the occasions, utilizing official channels to give an a ppearance of equity and threatening or bribing individuals. The findings in this study likewise highlight that, given the constraints of statutory and hierarchical protections in decreasing the frequency and seriousness of sexual harassment in a community, individual answers might be in effect as a feature of a multilevel reaction in decreasing the rate and effect of workplace sexual harassment (McDonald et al. 2010). Another study by Sandra (1982) suggests that threeShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment : How Does It Differ From Bullying?891 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is sexual harassment? How does it differ from bullying? Sexual harassment is an unwanted attention that is sexual in nature. It can be a one-time occurrence or a result of repeated behaviour. In addition, harassment is viewed from the victim’s perspective and what the perceiver or affected individual would feel in the exact same situation. Workplace bullying on the other hand can be defined as an act or verbal behavior that is persistent and continuous, with intent to mentally hurt or isolateRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1253 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace What cause sexual harassment in the workplace? Sexual harassment is defined as discrimination towards sex. It is unwanted verbal and/or physical contact between two human beings, however, in this case I would like to focus on the workplace (co-worker or supervisor). Based on Civil Rights Act of 1991, there has been an increased amount of incentives for employer’s prohibition conducts of sexual harassment. How people perceive and evaluate sexual harassmentRead MorePreventing Sexual Harassment in the Workplace1166 Words   |  5 Pages Preventing Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Does the phrase â€Å"That’s what she said.† sound familiar? The phrase is from the popular hit television series The Office. The guy behind this popular quote is none other than Dunder Mifflin’s Michael Scott. This quote is not only inappropriate but it is also a form of sexual harassment and Michael Scott is the king of sexual harassment. Unfortunately sexual harassment is a problem that is occurring in the workplace. In another popular movie, HorribleRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace990 Words   |  4 PagesIt is great to have a workplace where you are friends with your coworkers. But what happens when coworkers talk about other coworkers in a sexual context. Two male coworkers talking about female staff where coworkers in the area can hear. Your manager suggests that they can help you earn a promotion if you go out with them. This puts employees in awkward situations where they might not know if this is considered sexual harassment. If it is, an employee maybe unsure what to do about it. AccordingRead MoreIntroduction. The Purpose Of This Article Is To Provide1362 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this article is to provide a concise summary of what sexual harassment is, discussing who it affects, and its prevalence in organisations using evidence and examples. A range of views will be provided to describe how sexual harassment affects organizations and employees. This article will examine the primary alternative interventions aimed at resolving for sexual harassment in the workplace. The alternatives are all considered to be preventions, rather than reactions toRead MoreSexual Harassment Is A Form Of Sex Discrimination1547 Words   |  7 PagesSection One: Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title Vll of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. AAUW, describes sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of nature. (Know Your Rights at Work: Workplace Sexual Harassment: AAUW, n.d.) The Title Vll is a federal law in which prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religionRead MoreSexual Harassment1405 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment Sexual harassment in a healthcare workplace is a very important topic to discuss even though it is often swept under the rug. Even with all law, literature and discussions on sexual harassment, people still remain confused about what exactly constitutes sexual harassment. Therefore knowing what sexual harassment entails and looks like is a crucial step in the prevention of it from taking place. Sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination; it can therefore be definedRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1657 Words   |  7 Pagesworkforce, great strides have been made for women in the United States to have the same rights and opportunities as men. While many things have been achieved over the years, challenges still remain for women in today’s workplace such as the maternity protection, sexism, and sexual harassment. While the International Labor Organization (ILO) has been working to protect women in the workforce by providing maternity protection to ensure that the women’s work does not pose any risks to the health of the womenRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1349 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment affects the way we work, impacts the way we conduct ourselves in the place of business. Sexual harassment comes in many shapes and forms, and has lingering effects. While only being noticed in the workplace, sexual harassment occurs in every type of job. Many noted cases have influenced the workforce; and the way we operate together. Policies to deter this action have failed in-order to completely dissolve such actions. Sexual harassment occurs in every work environment, influencesRead MoreThe Matter Of Law That Ellison s Reaction Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pageshave been in favor for Ellison. She had evidence of him sending her disturbing letters and also reported his stalker like behavior to her supervisor. Employers who fail to fully investigate sexual harassment complaints in the workplace could face detrimental consequences. All employers should have sexual harassment policies in place; however having a policy is not enough. Policies must be reasonably and properly enforced and there also must be effective internal procedures that will allow employees

Developing a Global Marketing Plan for Triumph Motorcycles Free Essays

Introduction Triumph motorcycles is a privately- owned British company. Triumph has always had its own distinctive character and a history of creating motorcycles. The company plans to enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan, which is including 7 main parts: marketing objectives, product adaptation, promotion mix, distribution, price determination, term of sale, and methods of payment. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing a Global Marketing Plan for Triumph Motorcycles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing objectives a). Establish retail stores in Shanghai, Beijing and Hongkong b). plan to add 5 to 15 dealers through 2013 c). Increase retail unit sales to more than 28 percent d). Triumph for the planning years above 3,000,000, take 0.9% market share e). target markets- buy for leisure, buy for competition, and buy for collection. Market segment: a) geographic segmentation- population growth rate around 5.28†°, male to female ratio was 119:100, target population is around 50 000, East Sea and South Sea biggest part of Chinese GDP, China GNP in 2009 was $437 billion, in 2008 was $422 billion, growth rate 9.65% b). Demographic segmentation- between 25 and 45 occupied 70%. Buy for competition aged between 25-30, for collection aged over 38, buy it for leisure aged 30-40, aged 25 years above, 80% of target audience Bachelor degree or above. c). psychographic segmentation-(SRIC-BI) and (VALS) 2. Product adaptation a). core product benefits- features, image, technology, and perceived value b). product attributes-brand name, quality, packaging, design, size and color variants, country of origin, price c).support service-livery, installation, guarantees, after-sales service and spare parts 3. Promotion mix a), 1.advertising objective- increase among 200,000 people who personal annual income above $100,000, from 22 percent to 31percent in one year. 2. Media mix- television, magazines, outdoor, brochures and internet 3. Massage- Is not only a motorcycle, but also a lifestyle; go your own way b). 1.Sales promotions objective- carry new items, encouraging stocking, building brand loyalty, encouraging support of a new product or model, and searching more potential customers. 2. coupons-10% discount 3. Specialty advertising- low-cost items bearing the company’s name and address c). Personal selling- hired 10-15 sellers, AIDA method, FABV method d). Other promotional methods- Catalog marketing, Telemarketing 5. Distribution: from origin to destination a). Port selection-Tianjin port, Hongkong port,Shanghai port b). Mode selection C). Packing- wooden case, label attached on the container d). Document required- transportation documents, banking documents, commercial documents and government documents. e). Insurance- cover loss and damage to the product f). Freight forwarder- 1.advantages concentrated core business, reduce investment fee, decrease the risk, reduce the cost, save the expenditure, and decrease inventory; improve level of transportation service, improved; finally 2. reduce control in the supply chain, bring risk of relationship management, cause leakage of business secrets g). Channels of distribution- two-level channel: a wholesaler and a retailer. Type: department store and franchise organization. h). Wholesale middlemen- full-service wholesaler, mark-up the cost of 20 percent i). Import and export agent- negotiates exchange transaction, commission of 2 to 6 percent of the selling price j). Warehousing- distribution and automated warehouses, locate suburb of Shanghai 6. Price determination- Total retail price in China of $24,763, is a 206 percent of the British price 7. Term of sale-Ex-work,FOB, FAS,CIF 8. Methods of payment- cash in advance (unfair), letter of credit, open account (later) Conclusion The Chinese market is potential market for the company to entry. Triumph will find huge power of purchasing in China. Moreover, it has increasing demand of Chinese consumers for luxury products. Triumph motorcycle before enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan. Triumph already entry Chinese market. Introduction Triumph motorcycles is a privately- owned British company and that their motorcycle are designed, developed. Triumph has always had its own distinctive character and a history of creating motorcycles. Triumph’s aim is to craft motorcycles that deliver a great riding experience through the fusion of well- balanced, easy to handle chassis and strong, flexible engines. The company currently has market in many major counties like the UK, America, and Japan (Triumphmotorcycles.co.uk, 2011). As the development of emerging marketing, the company plans to enter Chinese market. In the face of globalization many firms attempt to expand their sales into Chinese market. However, internationalization is unlikely to be successful unless the firm prepares in advance. Just like Triumph motorcycle before enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan, which is including 7 main parts: marketing objectives, product adaptation, promotion mix, distribution, price determination, term of sale, and methods of payment. Marketing objectives In Chinese market Triumph continue developing truly existing motorcycles product that are distinctive in looks, design and performance to this new market. Triumph’s aim is to craft motorcycles that deliver a great riding experience through the fusion of well- balanced, easy to handle chassis and strong, flexible engines. The result is an inspiring range of motorcycles delivering intelligent, usable performance (Triumphmotorcycles.co.uk, 2011). In addition, in Chinese market Triumph group will pay more attention on after-sale service, such as, provide assembling and fitting service for customer convenience, also provide accessory. The long-term development projects and the solid business base Triumph have to start their new business relationship. Triumph already have retail store in Taiwan, according to this situation before enter Chinese main market they will sell product in internet first. This model we called â€Å"DELL direct selling model†. This model not only can b ring more profit for the company, but also make the user close to the company. Then supply of goods and service available to meet market demand. Next step will to establish retail stores in Shanghai, Beijing and Hongkong. Triumph strategy is multi-generational and multi-cultural. It calls to grow sales to their core customers, while growing sales to outreach customers at a faster rate. In Chinese markets Triumph plan to add 5 to 15 dealers through 2013, and in the same period increase retail unit sales to more than 28 percent (figure 2). From (figure 1) we can see that the whole industry sales for the 2009 about 25,427,700, industry sales for the 2010/1-7 mouths around 16,839,900, estimate industry sales for the planning year around 40,000,000, estimate sales for Triumph for the planning years above 3,000,000, take 0.9% market share of whole market (stats.gov.cn, 2009). Triumph has a great number of Chinese market information. These are information will help company good to know who is the potential customer, what they need, and how to communicate with customer. The target markets are followed: buy for leisure, buy for competition, and buy for collection. Triumph will use E-commerce which is the selling or buying of goods and information over the internet, and through transport. So they will spare no effort to serve their customer with high quality products and best service, no territory restriction. From geographic segmentation, China has a vast territory and a large population, despite the implementation of birth control, still sees a yearly net increase of 17 million peoples, a number equal to the population of a medium-sized country. The population growth rate is keep around 5.28†°, male to female ratio was 119:100(baidu.com, 2009). So Triumph total amount of target population is around 50 000. According to geographical region China is divided into three ladders. The most population focus mainly on ladder 1 and ladder 2.China from south to north is Bo Hai Sea, Yellow Sea, East Sea and South Sea. These four main areas boast a developed economy, well- grounded infrastructure and abundant human resources. Especially, areas of Ea st Sea and South Sea, these two areas contribute a biggest part of Chinese GDP. China GNP in 2009 was $437 billion, and in 2008 was $422 billion, growth rate about 9.65% (baidu.com, 2009). So Triumph’s new market will focus on Shanghai, Beijing and Hongkong. From demographic segmentation, the sex ratio of male customer is higher than the female customer. The age of the patients was mainly between 25 and 45 which occupied 70%. Customer buy product for competition aged between 25-30, for collection aged over 38, buy it for leisure will be a biggest part of sales, usually, aged 30-40. Aged 25 years above, 80% of target audience have Bachelor degree or above. Personal annual income above $100,000 will be target group. In China, around 200,000 people personal annual income above $100,000(stats.gov.cn, 2011). In psychographic segmentation, customer divided into different groups on the basis of lifestyle or personality and values (Kotler P, 2000). According to the consulting busin ess intelligence’s (SRIC-BI) value and lifestyles (VALS), the target audience trend to followed kinds of people: innovators who successful, sophisticated, with high self-esteem, also are very active consumers, purchases tastes for upscale product and service; Achievers who have goal-oriented lifestyles and a deep commitment career and family, image is important to achievers, they favor established, prestige product and services that demonstrate success to their peers; Strivers who are trendy and fun loving, favor stylish product, they are active consumers because shopping is both a social activity and an opportunity to demonstrate to peers their ability to buy(strategicbusinessinsights.com, 2011). In behavioral segmentation, the target group will be who trend to spending too much money on luxuries; who enjoys going to competition, like something exciting; who favor collection, a way to demonstrate success. Product adaptation â€Å"In creating an acceptable product offer for international market it is necessary to examine first what contributes to the ‘total’ product offer (Hollensen S, 2004).† In order to the product can be adapted for the Chinese market, it is necessary to examine what the product offer, which is called to the three levels of a product. First level, core product benefits which is include functional features, image, technology, and perceived value (Hollensen S, 2004). A product can also be adapted to function under Chinese political conditions. Development new technology and it’s for reducing motorcycle emissions in whole motorcycle industry. In Chinese market, Triumph still will keep have a distinctive three-cylinder layout, which makes them more powerful than the two-cylinder bikes, and more relaxing than the high revving four-cylinder bikes. In product image area, try to make customer feel comfortable, classical, fashion and luxurious. Motorcycles were also classified by types of use, generally separated into four groups: standard, which emphasized simplicity and cost; performance, which focused on racing and speed; touring, which focused on comfort and amenities for long-distance travel; and custom, which featured styling and individual owner customization (source: Case?.4 Triumph Motorcycles Ltd). Second level, generally we called product attributes, include brand name, quality, packaging, design, size and color variants, country of origin, price and staff behavior (Hollensen S, 2004). In Chinese market, the brand name better to change, because of different language system. For instance, in Taiwan market they change the brand name to Kaixuan which mean victory in Chinese. Chinese name will be better and easy for customer to pronounce, recognize and remember, so the company better to continue use Kaixuan in Chinese new market, also Triumph available too. In order to reduce the cost, product assembly in China, but supplier from around the world, keep product quality in the first level. The packaging, design, and color, which featured individual owner customization, depend on customer different demand, if customers willing to pay more for the convenience, appearance, dependability, and prestige of better packages, design, and color, the price of a product also will be difference and charge extra money; in a other hand, if customer do not want individual owner customization, the packaging, design, and color will be fixed and free, which already included in a product; in generally speaking, pricing strategy will follow Taiwan’s market. The size of Triumph’s motorcycles are in the middleweight and heavyweight category only, these two categories satisfy Chinese market demand. Third level, which include delivery, installation, guarantees, after-sales service and spare parts (Hollensen,S, 2004). Triumph will set up after-sales service in Chinese market, offer prompt and reliable after sale service, promise timely delivery, and guaranteed quality. Customer do not need to worried about repair, maintenance, and spare parts, all the service will be offered by Chinese after-sales service department. Promotion Mix a. Adverting objective â€Å"The advertising objective must flow from prior decisions on target market, market positioning, marketing mix (Kotler P, 2000).† Triumph’s advertising objective: to increase among 200,000 people who personal annual income above $100,000 the number who identify brand Triumph as a good quality, performance and worth to buy – from 22 percent to 31percent in one year. Persuasive advertising will be the best choice for Triumph. Triumph attempts to persuade consumers that delivers special taste and status than other brands of motorcycle. Try to make an explicit comparison of the attributes of another brand, such as, compare with Harley-Davidson. In media mix area, Triumph attempts to use television, magazines, outdoor, brochures and internet. Television advertising combines sight, sound and motion, also appealing to the sense, and with high attention and reach (Kotler P, 2000). For a new band in Chinese market, the first step should let costumer recognize the bra nd, so need keep exposal. Triumph attempts to advertise at peak viewing time at the CCTV (is a biggest TV station in China), especially during economic news time. Magazines might be a good choice. It is with high geographic and demographic selectivity, credibility and prestige, high- quality reproduction, long life and good pass-along readership (Kotler P, 2000). There are several magazines on the list, such as, For Him Magazine, which is best choice for man to read; Hurui Magnate Magazine, it is popular in rich people; or Auto Magazine. There are several reasons for choice outdoor advertising, because of high repeat exposure, flexibility, low cost and low competition (Kotler P, 2000). The poster announces in extra- large print in the commercial center and shopping center of a city. Brochures is a convenient media, it is more flexibility, full control and can dramatize messages. Triumph attempt to production a brochures, which include company history, product information, big event , contact information so on, then send to different kind of place, such as, golf club, polo club, yacht club, luxurious hotel, owner retail store and auction house. The most popular approach is the internet advertising, which include high selectivity, interactive possibilities, and relatively low cost. For example, Triumph can use facebook build close relationship with customers, also advertising on facebook. â€Å"Is not only a motorcycle, but also a lifestyle; go your own way†, it is a main advertising massage and product value Triumph deliver to customer. b. Sales promotions For Triumph, sales promotion objectives include persuading retailers to carry new items, encouraging stocking of related item, building brand loyalty, encouraging support of a new product or model, and encouraging searching more potential customers (Kotler P, 2000). In order to achieve the objectives, there are many sales promotion tools can be use. For instance, free trials, which inviting purchasers to try the product without cost, after that they may will buy the product. Triumph encourage free test-drives to stimulate purchase interest. Moreover, use coupons, which saving on the purchase of a specific product. Such as, buy Triumph’s coat with its T-shirt by a 10% discount coupon. Specialty advertising, which consists of useful, low-cost items bearing the company’s name and address, give to prospects and customers. Such as, pens, calendars. Join trade shows and conventions, which display to demonstrate Triumph’s product. Usually, trade show attracted thousand and thousand people attendance. c. Personal selling Personal selling is person-to person communication between a company and a buyer. The seller’s communication effort is focused on persuading, marking a sale and building a relationship with buyer (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). Every Triumph seller must be well trained, providing training in a specific trade with aim of gaining employment. Every Triumph retail store hired 10-15 sellers. Triumph’s seller will use two main methods to desire customer purchase behavior. First one is AIDA method- get attention?interest?desire?action (Kotler P, 2000), seller mouth to mouth introduce brand or product story to customers. Second one is FABV method-features?advantages?benefits and value (Kotler P, 2000), seller focus on describe product’s physical characteristics, and what the advantage. In order to better satisfy the clients, in Triumph, one seller completely follow one order, include guide after-sales service. d. Other promotional methods Catalog marketing: Triumph send full-line merchandise catalogs, specialty consumer catalogs, and business catalogs, usually in print form but also sometimes as CDs, videos, or on-line to customer (Kotler P, 2000). Make customer good to know Triumph and their product and service. Telemarketing: Triumph use telephone to attract new customer, to take order. Telemarketing will increase company’s income, reduce cost, improve customer satisfaction, and offer customer service and technical support. Distribution: from origin to destination a. Port selection In order to reduce the cost, Triumph plan to joint venture one Chinese motorcycle company, so most product assembly in China, some new and special case assembly in UK, and supplier from around the world. For example, a batch of products from British port deliver to Shanghai port by ocean carry, then distribute to Shanghai’s retail store. Beijing close with Tianjin port, Hongkong close with Hongkong port, so transportation is very convenient of all three markets. b. Mode selection Transportation usually constitutes 10-15 percent of the retail costs of imported goods (Hollensen S, 2004). There are four main modes of transport: rail, air, ocean and road. According to above comparison, Triumph will choice ocean carrier to be main vehicle; special use for international business to business mode; for national B to B, or B to C mode use motor carrier will be economical. If customer have extra requirement, air carriers also will be available, but need pay extra deliver fee. c. Packing A packing that catches the eye will help us push the sales. Triumph attempt to use wooden case to package motorcycle, use existing label make it to be an elaborately designed graphic that is part of the package. This label might describe the product: who produce this product, where it was made, and what kind of product it is (Kotler P, 2000). Finally, the label might promote the Triumph through its attractive graphics. Triumph will use container to deliver product, the label may be attached on the container, the label will identifies the product or brand, also will increase ratio of brand exposure. d. Document required Triumph require following four most common export documents: transportation documents, banking documents, commercial documents and government documents. Transportation document include bill of lading, dock receipt and insurance certificate (Hollensen S, 2004). More specific, now Triumph had a batch of product should transport from UK to Shanghai by ocean carrier. Ocean carrier will issue of dock receipt to Triumph to prove carrier received the product and start take responsibility of these products. Then will received bill of lading, may be used as an instrument of ownership. â€Å"Banking documents letter of credit is a financial document issued by a bank at the request of the Chinese Triumph, guaranteeing payment to the UK Triumph if certain term and a transaction are met† (Hollensen S, 2004). Commercial invoice is the bill for the products from the exporter to buyer, also as a basis of taxation to British government. Government documents included export declaration, consula r invoice and certificate of origin (Hollensen S, 2004). If British Triumph want to export their product to China, they have to complete fill the export declaration, include transportation information; also need consular invoice from Chinese consul that is used to control goods shipped there; certificate of origin is a document that is make Chinese buyer to know the origin of motorcycle. e. Insurance On the other hand, Triumph need to buy insurance certificate, that is provided to cover loss and damage to the product during the transport process. f. Freight forwarder Hiring a freight forwarder for Triumph Motorcycles transportation, will have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Analysis of pros and cons of hiring a freight forwarder, there are several advantages to hiring a freight forwarder with the goal to concentrated on all effort to developing core business; also can reduce investment fee, and decrease the risk; Triumph will reduce the cost, save the expenditure, and decrease inventory; improve level of transportation service, be more professional, the enterprise image is greatly improved; finally, take advantage of an in-place network complete with resources and experience. Unfortunately, freight forwarder might cause Triumph reduce the firm’s control in the supply chain; may bring risk of consumer relationship management; and might cause leakage of business secrets (etest8.com, 2011). g. Channels of distribution Triumph attempt to select a two-level channel to enter Chinese market. A two-level channel contains two selling intermediaries, such as a wholesaler and a retailer. There are two types of retailers satisfy Triumph motorcycle: department store and franchise organization. Department store operation several product lines, each line operated as a separate department, such as Shanghai Isetan which is located commercial center, only sell luxury goods. Business format franchising is mutually beneficial to both franchiser and franchisee. The franchisees familiarity with Chinese current surrounding, and they will bring the huge purchasing power of the franchisor (Kotler P, 2000). Chinese Triumph attempt to develop a brick-and-click model we called E-business. Customer available to make order through on-line, but need choice a specific retailer before you buy, then you order will send to this retailer. In first year, Triumph plans to open 6 shops in China, one department store and one franchis ed in Shanghai, and the same strategy in Beijing and Hongkong. Retail will markup for product of in each type of retail. For instance, suppose a Triumph motorcycle has the following costs and sales expectation: variable cost per unit is $1,000; fixed cost is $1, 000, 000; expected unit sales about 200. The manufacture’s unit cost is given by $6,000; the manufacturer’s markup price {markup price= unit cost / (1-desired return on sales 25%)} is given by $8,000. Triumph would charge Chinese retail $8,000 per motorcycle and make a profit of $2,000 per unit (Kotler P, 2000). h. Wholesale middlemen There are major wholesaler types: merchant wholesalers, full-service wholesalers, limited-service wholesalers, brokers and agents, manufacturers’ and retailers’ branches and offices, and miscellaneous wholesalers (Kotler P, 2000). According to Triumph’s situation, better to choice full-service wholesaler who only carry one merchandise line; also carry stock, maintain a sales force, offer credit, make deliveries, and provide management assistance to Triumph’s retail (Kotler P, 2000). Wholesalers usually mark-up the cost of the goods by conventional percentage, say 20 percent, to cover their expenses. Expenses may take 17 percent of the gross margin, leaving a profit margin of 3 percent (Kotler P, 2000). i. Import and export agent â€Å"Main function is to facilitate buying and selling, for which they earn a commission of 2 to 6 percent of the selling price (Kotler P, 2000).† Triumph hire a Chinese import agent who negotiates exchange transaction between British Triumph to Chinese wholesalers, but does not take power to the goods being purchased or sold. In China, current most import agent will charge 10 to 20 percent guarantee deposit, then import agent open a letter of credit to export part, that kind of work was import and export agent do. j. Warehousing Triumph in order to reduce warehousing costs, build a distribution and automated warehouses. This warehouses not only with advanced materials-handling system under the control of central computer, but also will as soon as possible to move out receiving goods (Kotler P, 2000). These warehouses will reduce worker injuries, labor costs, pilferage, and breakage and improved inventory control; benefit for consumer too, such as deliver on time. The warehouse will locate suburb of Shanghai, Because Shanghai between Beijing and Hongkong, also near the port. Price determination Triumph motorcycles shipped from Britain to China In this example, Triumph motorcycles shipped from Britain to China. A shipment of product that costs ex-works $12,000 in Britain, and total retail price approximately $25,000 in China. First, there is the total shipping charge of $5,485, which is 46% of the ex-works price. A currency adjustment factor is to protect the seller from disadvantageous shifts in the Dollar to RMB exchange rate. Finally, a dealer markup of 25 percent adds up to $4,952 of the British price. Total retail price in China of $24,763, is a 206 percent of the British price (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). Term of sale Ex-work means that the price quoted by the British Triumph applies at a certain point, and the buyer bears all risks and expenses from that point on. This term affords Chinese buyer maximum control over the cost of transporting the goods (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). With free on board (FOB) named port, the British Triumph will take the responsibility until the goods have cleared the ship’s rail, then the Chinese buyer take all responsibility of the goods the moment they pass over the ship’s rail. The price quote includes all charge up to the point when goods have been loaded (Hollensen S, 2004). Free alongside ship (FAS) named port is for a transaction in which seller places the shipment alongside, the goods will be transported out of the Britain by ocean vessel. The seller pays all charges up to the point; the buyer has to pay for loading the goods on the shipment. When goods are shipped cost, insurance, freight (CIF) named port, the risk of loss or damage to goods is t ransferred to the buyer once the goods have passed the ship’s rail. However, the British Triumph has to pay the expense of transportation, must also provide the necessary insurance (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). Methods of payment The most common payment methods are including: cash in advance, letter of credit, documents against payment and acceptance, open account, and consignment. The favorable term to the exporter is cash advance because it with low risk and financial risk, also allows for immediate use of the money. However, this method of payment unfair for importer, if they pay the money and the goods may not received. So such methods are not available for Triumph. Worldwide letters of credit are very popularly and very important. â€Å"Banking documents letter of credit is a financial document issued by a bank at the request of the Chinese Triumph, guaranteeing payment to the UK Triumph if certain term and a transaction are met† (Hollensen S, 2004). Open account is quite simplicity to Chinese buyer, they does not have to pay credit charge to banks. The Chinese buyer can pick up the goods without payment first. A disadvantage of the method is that there are no safeguards for payment. Consequently, for the first cooperation using letter of credit benefit for both side. However, if later British Triumph feel Chinese buyers are very trustworthy and excellent credit rating, there is another option for payment which is consignment (Hollensen S, 2004). Conclusion The Chinese market is potential market for the company to entry. Triumph will find huge power of purchasing in China. Moreover, it has increasing demand of Chinese consumers for luxury products. Chinese attempt to improvement of life quality and the change of consumption view. On the other side, the brand is new and young for Chinese market, it means low brand awareness; also strong competition its threats. Fortunately, Triumph motorcycle before enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan. Triumph already entry Chinese market. Reference: Triumphmotorcycles.co.uk, (2011) http://www.triumphmotorcycles.co.uk/the-triumph-company [Viewed 25 Feb. 2011] www.baidu.com (2009) the rate of gender proportion, http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=563315305 [Viewed 25 Feb. 2011] www.baidu.com (2009) the rank of GNP all over the world, http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/117304651 [Viewed 25 Feb. 2011] stats.gov.cn, (2011)http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/qtsj/ [Viewed 26 Feb.2011] Kotler P. (2000), Marketing management, New Jersey:Prentice Hall. strategicbusinessinsights.com http://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/ustypes.shtml [Viewed 26 Feb. 2011] Hollensen S. (2004) Global Marketing: a decision- oriented approach. Essex: Prentice Hall. Triumphmotorcycles.co.uk, (2011) http://www.triumphmotorcycles.co.uk/triumph-world [Viewed 28 Feb. 2011] Etest8.com (2011) http://www.etest8.com/html/180110.htm [Viewed 28 Feb. 2011] Keegan W. Green M. (2008) Global Marketing, United States of America: Pearson Prentice Hall. Harley-davidson.com, (2011) http://investor.harley-davidson.com/annual.cfm [Viewed 1 Mar. 2011] Triumphtaiwan.com, (2011) http://www.triumphtaiwan.com/2010-moto/price.html [Viewed 1 Mar. 2011] Zeji Z, (2008) Motorcycle industry urged to upgrade.http://en.ce.cn/Insight/200801/02/t20080102_14090054.shtml [Viewed 3 Mar. 2011] How to cite Developing a Global Marketing Plan for Triumph Motorcycles, Essay examples

Coming of Age Essay free essay sample

Evaluate the social constructs that have brought about similarities and differences between you and your interviewees, drawing conclusions about the influence of power and authority, gender and technology, continuity and change. There are a variety of social constructs that have brought about similarities and differences between the attitudes of society today and various societies and cultures in the 1970’s/1980’s. Through a series of interviews with people who ‘came of age’ in the 80’s, combined with secondary research, the aspects of continuity and change became apparent, particularly when discussing influences of power, authority, gender and technology. Power is the ability to influence the actions or points of view of other people. There are aspects of power have remained unchanged for young people since the 1980’s. The influence of parents is a defining factor according to both interviewees. One of my interviewees talked about how the main reason she wanted to achieve high marks academically, was because her mother never got the opportunity for tertiary education. Parents also hold the power to influence the religious beliefs of their children. My first interviewee was raised with Christian beliefs and values, however her views changed as she got older. My other interviewee was also raised with strong Catholic beliefs, which she has continued to value to this day and has consequently raised her children with these beliefs. My parents definitely have the power to influence how I behave. I know what they expect of me and that there will be consequences if I disobey them. They have had a strong influence on my personal religious beliefs. Most youth in society today choose their religious affinities, regardless of parental influence. However, in most respects the power parents’ hold has continued over the past few decades. Influences from celebrities and public figures are another aspect of power that has not changed. During the late 1970s and 80’s Madonna, Michael Jackson, Bon Jovi and Lionel Richie were all big names in music. My interviewees both described Madonna to be one of the larger influences on society, setting fashion trends and new ways of thinking. Youth today are heavily influenced by the music they listen to. Artists and bands such as Eminem, Maroon 5, Taylor Swift and Beyonce have influenced language, fashion and social ideas. Currently, social media heavily influences teenagers. Social media informs you about world happenings, the lives of friends and social standards. There was no concept of social media in the time period during which my interviewees were growing up. One of my interviewees, who grew up in India, felt as though religious figures had power. Catholics in India were quite traditional at the time. Nuns ran catholic schools, and priests and bishops were very respected. Youth today are not significantly influenced by religious figures. I think that being Catholic, priests do have some influence over me, but certainly not as much as they had over Christian youth in the 80’s. The power that family and celebrities wield is as significant today as in the past, however, the influence of religion has waned. Authority is the legitimate exercise of power. Political ideology has the power to shape attitudes of an era. Over the past few decades, teenagers coming of age have been vaguely aware of political happenings but have not appreciated its relevance. According to my second interviewee, in India it was always assumed that politicians would be corrupt, so there was never any trust or respect towards them. Currently Indian attitudes towards politicians have not changed with the media hype about corruption in political circles. Being a teenager in Australia, I do not feel very concerned about politics. I am aware of some political happenings, but it does not interest me. In contrast, teachers then and now have authority over teenagers. Teachers are not as respected or feared now as they were previously. In the past teachers had the authority to use physical punishments against students, which are illegal now. Similar to power, some aspects of authority have changed while others have continued on. Gender refers to the differences between males and females. Gender roles were far more traditional during the 1980’s, however changes from the early 1900’s were certainly taking place. In most households the man worked while the woman stayed home and looked after the children. This was true for my first interviewee. It was the same for my second interviewee, however her father died when she was quite young, so her mother had to work. In my home, roles are traditional in some basic ways as my mum does most of the cooking, while dad does most of the gardening. Both interviewees described most other roles within their households being fairly equal between males and females. Currently, both my parents work full time, even though my mum stayed home when we were younger. In India in the 70s and 80’s, men were more respected than women. Being female, my second interviewee described how her mother was payed less than men and was not as respected as a working class woman is today. Expectations for interviewee 2 herself were not as high as her brothers. In sport, both my interviewees said that there were particular male and female sports. Netball was a definite girls sport, while there was no thought of girls playing sports such as touch football. Now, expectations for males and females in society are more equal. Although, there are separate male and female categories for competitions, both genders are able to partake in the same sports. Technological developments from the 80s to now are arguably the social aspect that has evolved the most. My interviewees both conveyed that they had basic TV’s in their house holds during their teenage years. They first got their TV’s around the ages of 7 and 10. Even after having televisions in their homes, both interviewees had very limited time allocated to watch it. I have had a television in my house since I was born, while TV use has always been quite liberal. Neither interviewee used a computer at all though their education. Research was done in the library from books, rather than the internet that we use now. There was no concept of mobile phones during my interviewee’s coming of age. My first interviewee had a landline in her house through most of her childhood, whereas my second interviewee did not even get a landline until she was in her teenage years. The Sony Walkman was described as being one of the most popular technologies when they were growing us. It is the iPods, iPhones and MP3 Players that are the most common music devices now. Typewriters were used in the 80’s, but they were not common with my interviewees. Printers are widely used today, with typewriters being close to extinct. For teenagers, coming of age today depends heavily on technology. Almost every teen today carries a smart phone in their pocket. Laptops are used in schools around the country, with smartboards being common educational tools. From social media, to texting our means of communication are heavily dependant on technology, which is very different to the 80’s. The developments in technology over the past 30 years have shaped how our society functions in the present day. There are definitely social aspects of society that have changed since my interviewee 1 was coming of age in Australia, to when I’m coming of age now. Back then it was far more accepted that you would be out all day and home late, without your parents worrying about you. Drugs at parties were more common, and young people acknowledged it as a natural thing to do. The average school day of my first interviewee does not differ drastically to mine. She talked about how she could never afford to do more than one after school activity, which makes me grateful for the number of opportunities I have received to partake in extra curricular activities. Academically, things taught in core subjects at school were similar, however we have a much wider choice in subjects now. Specifically accepted ‘rights of passage’ within society have not changed. The main rights of passage included turning 18, driving and voting. The expectations she had from her parents were not very different to mine. She was expected to try her best, however was always encouraged to do what she loved. There are many obvious changes that have occurred in Australian society over this period of time, however it is evident that are many areas where continuity is prevalent. The society and culture where my second interviewee grew up was very different to mine. We are both Catholic, however her experience with Christianity growing up was very different to mine. In Australia, Christians make up 60% of the population, making it a common, widely accepted religion. Growing up in India, Catholics were a minority group who made up just 3% of the population. They were never fully accepted as ‘proper’ Indians. Rights of passage in India during the 80’s included your 18th and 21st birthdays as you were accepted as adults. The transition from high school at the end of your 10 was a big thing. This parallels the ‘right of passage’ of completing high school as well as the sense of adulthood you receive when turning 18 in Australia. Corporal punishments were common in the1980’s India, a far cry from attitudes today. It was not uncommon for my interviewee’s mother to smack her as punishment. My second interviewee also expressed how teachers would commonly throw dusters at you or humiliate you in front of the class. Her family values were similar to mine. We were both brought up in Catholic homes, where you were taught to show respect to others. It is evident that societies and cultures evolve over time. Attitudes and values people have change, however many stay the same. Both continuity and change are displayed through the social constructs that make up societies.

Success of Graphic Systems; Advantages and Disadvantages

Introduction The research and development in the manufacture of drugs, chemicals, automobiles, airplanes, industrial plants, buildings etc, has seen the production of higher quality products. Advanced computer animation techniques produce exceptionally high quality movies and games. These have been made possible thanks to the modern graphics systems, which give endless possibilities in the design and production of new products. According to Mraz, the era of using hand-drawn presentations for finalized designs is gone (Para. 3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Success of Graphic Systems; Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Graphics systems include hardware and software systems used in the design, analysis and making graphical presentations of both real life and theoretical phenomena. Advantages of Graphical Systems Usability Graphical techniques offer more flexible and options compared to other traditional methods in design. One can make changes and undo them without tampering with the whole design. It is also possible to view a model from different angles by rotating it along various axes. One can also perfect on minute details of a design by magnifying it to see them clearly. Presenting images in three dimensions enables designers to illustrate inner parts of structures they design, bringing clarity on the structures they intend to build. Some graphical applications like Photoshop and illustrator come with tutorials, which help inexperienced users to solve any difficulties. They have a user-friendly interface, usually designed with diversified functions for simplicity. Research and Product Development Graphical representation software contributes much in research. Models can be presented in three dimensions giving researchers a broader picture of how natural phenomena operate. In engineering, presentation of models in three-dimensional manner enables engineers to identify weaknesses in structures and areas of possible improvement. Computer aided molecular modeling is used in computational chemistry to investigate molecular structures and properties using graphical visualization techniques. The techniques are very useful in polymer and catalysis science in the discovery of new synthesis pathways. The results obtained help to predict molecular properties such as structural information, atomic radii, bond angles, and molecular motions. Computer aided molecular design is highly applicable in pharmaceutical work in discovering, designing and optimization of compounds with desired structures and properties used as components in drug formulations. There are many applications for architectural work currently, which enable easy creation and modification of designs. They are useful in â€Å"simplifying the analysis and construction of proposed designs† (Greenberg 105). Product improvement is made easier with graphic design software. Modificatio ns can be made by changing values on the design producing different variationsAdvertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Time In product development, the traditional method is to produce samples and carry out tests on them, a process that is time consuming. Dorsey and McMillan point that, the availability of such technology â€Å"frees humans from tedious and mundane tasks† (Para. 4). Computer aided design on the other hand involves designing of a graphical presentation of a virtual model. Tests are then done on the model using special software. This saves not only time, but also other resources that would have been used in testing the real structure, hence the cost of production. Many graphical systems can run a combination of many functions at one time reducing the procedures of carrying out experiments. In such a scenario, graphical systems create a platform for creativity and innovation since â€Å"ideas frequently come more quickly than they can be recorded† (McKim 11). One is able to put all of his/her ideas in a model, carry out tests on the model using graphical applications, and then make possible changes. A common feature of these systems is the ability to multitask and carry out real time research in scientific work (Klein 6). The system gives feedback that the user is able to respond to manipulate results in any desirable direction. Design Advertising is an important aspect in the business world. Customers respond to product or service depending on how it is presented to them. Graphical techniques are applied to produce attractive adverts and billboards. Applications like CorelDraw and Photoshop are used to produce magnificent images used in the adverts. Graphics make adverts lively and make them more appealing to potential customers. Disadvantages of Graphical Systems Complexity A majority of complex graphical system applications require prior training before use. Some of the graphics applications are so complex that they need an expert to install and customize the settings. Most of the software companies who write graphics software have professionals as their target hence only experts in a particular field can utilize certain software. A good example is some Supervisory and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) which come with graphical components are so complex that only trained individuals can use them(Bailey and Wright 10). Limitations Like all other computerized systems, graphical system lack the intelligence of understanding real world conditions and principles like the purpose of the structure it is designing. The designer has to figure out a way of obtaining the relevant results while maintaining the objective of the design process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Success of Graphic Systems; Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Le arn More This means that the user needs to not only be an expert in the field in question she/he is undertaking the study, but also be well acquainted with the software. It may take several months or even years for one to learn how to operate graphics software. Some Programming Logic Controls, (PLCs), used in industrial plants; take months of training for one to operate them. Therefore, the designer makes the decisions while the system makes the calculations. Cost Most computer-based graphics application change in their technology at a very high rate. This requires one to keep on updating the current software costing a lot of money. The problem is compounded by the presence of many graphics system manufacturers flooding the market with many products, which are not compatible with one another. Graphics applications are not only expensive, but also need machines with high specifications and the higher the machine specifications, the higher the cost. Conclusion Generally, graphical s ystems reduce the time a research work consumes and even improves the quality and reliability of results. They perform tasks that would otherwise be impossible and reduce the workload in research and development. They however come with disadvantages in their complexity, cost, and limitations, but their benefits outweigh the setbacks hence, will continue to advance and probably become more user-friendly. Works Cited Bailey, David, and Wright Edwin. Practical SCADA for Industry. Oxford: Elsevier, 2003. Print. Dorsey, Julie, and McMillan Leonard. Computer Graphics and Architecture: State of the Art and Outlook for the Future, 1998. Web. https://www.siggraph.org//publications/newsletter/v32n1/contributions/dorsey.html Greenberg, Donald. â€Å"Computers in Architecture.† Scientific American 264. 2 (1991): 104-109. Print. Klein, Mark. A Practitioner’s Handbook for Real-Time Analysis: Guide to Rate Monotonic Analysis for Real-Time Systems. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers , 1993. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McKim, Robert. Experiences in Visual Thinking. Boston: PWS Publishers, 1980. Print. Mraz, Stephen. Changes in the Engineering Profession 80 Years of Engineering, 7 Apr. 2009. Web. https://www.machinedesign.com/technologies/changes-engineering-profession-over-80-years This essay on Success of Graphic Systems; Advantages and Disadvantages was written and submitted by user Benjamin S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brave New World

Brave New World Brave New World Brave New World By Maeve Maddox The phrase â€Å"brave new world† is popular in headlines used to introduce a variety of topics: High School Basketball: Brave new world in regionals The Brave New World of Ferraris in China The Brave New World of  Food Oldman’s Brave New World of Wine Why We Need To Talk Now About The Brave New World Of Editing Genes Internet Eavesdropping: A Brave New World of Wiretapping Welcome To The  Brave New World Of  The Corporate-Sponsored Artist   Cubicles Rise in a Brave New World of Publishing Because â€Å"brave new world† is an expression loaded with negative connotations, some of these uses are more appropriate than others. The phrase originated with Shakespeare. When he put the expression in Miranda’s mouth in The Tempest, he was being ironic. O, wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people in’t! Miranda is speaking of the men whom her father- Prospero, rightful Duke of Milan- has caused to be shipwrecked on their island. The irony is that five of the eight men who come ashore are not â€Å"goodly† at all; they are dirty rotten scoundrels who represent all that is evil and corrupt in the â€Å"civilized† world of Europe. When Aldous Huxley chose the phrase as the title of his 1932 novel about a future in which society is carefully organized and monitored, he was echoing the idea that what might appear to be wondrous at first glance may in fact be evil. Writers who use the phrase as if it has a positive connotation misunderstand Shakespeare’s use of brave. Modern speakers use brave to mean courageous, daring, intrepid, and stouthearted. We speak of â€Å"brave soldiers† and â€Å"brave explorers† who risk danger to do their work. In Shakespeare’s day brave could mean splendid, showy, grand, fine, and handsome. Miranda, impressed by the appearance of the courtly strangers, was probably using the word with this meaning. In any case, to speak of â€Å"a brave new world† of wine or basketball doesn’t make a lot of sense. The second set of headline examples seems to have been written by people who know what Huxley’s novel is about. Brave New World is set in a future in which technology has reorganized human reproduction so as to produce babies in laboratories. The goal is to eliminate such inconveniences as disease and human dissatisfaction. DNA is manipulated so as to produce three castes of people designed to be happy with different types of work. Should any of these designer people grow up to be nonconformists, they are exiled to remote locations. The headline about gene editing is especially on point. Careful writers will not use the phrase â€Å"brave new world† if all they mean is â€Å"a new set of circumstances.† The phrase belongs only in a context of dehumanization or oppressive surveillance. Brave New World entered the public domain in 2008. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programmeâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†The Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Advertising In A Modern World Marketing Essay

Advertising In A Modern World Marketing Essay Advertising in a modern world as today is still considered a very difficult task when the new media channels have reduced the barriers of market penetration and brand knowledge to the consumers. Rather at times the whole concept of launching the brand or a product in the market successfully and sustaining its position through out the times is dependant on how strong does the advertising holds its position in the brains of the consumer. With the amount of products, brands, marketing channels and the ways to inhabit the idea of a new product or the reminder of the old brand to a customer to achieve their sales through advertising is in debate since a long time and most famous among these all is the Strong Versus Weak Theory. Many theorists have argued on the effects of advertising as a Strong or a Weak theory as their center of discussion and among all most prominently the strong debate between by J. P. Jones (1990) and Ethrenberg (1999) is the most popular. The truth as most of the w riter emphasis that the outcome of advertising is untrue and not realistic its success and failure is dependant on the products, the market and the aim of the advertising which makes e every scenario different from the other. As quoted â€Å"Measuring the effectiveness of advertising is much harder than it may seem. To know weather an advertisement is working, you need to first be clear about what it is meant to do. Consumer goods manufacturers take a much simple point of view: that advertising is about creating and then nurturing brands† (The Economist, 1996). The Strong theory argues that the consumer through advertising can be persuaded to switch to a new brand or a product and can create the interest or change of the demands previously engaged, where as the Weak theory argues that the perception or the demand can not be changed but it can be reinforced or â€Å"nudged† to the consumer. There are many other models given which support the argument of Persuasion among which the most important is AIDA – Strong (1925) in addition to the support of the model the theories like Hierarchy of Effects – Lavidge and Steiner (1961) and DAGMAR are always discussed to support the Strong Theory of advertising. Where as, the Weak Theory of advertising purposes its points based on Habits Theory which is supported by the two models given by Ethrenberg (1974, 1997). To understand these arguments it is important to understand the models given in support of the theories and the assumptions given by Persuasion Theory. Persuasion theory assumes that the attitude can be changed through advertising; human beings are always making decisions actively on linear fashion i.e. learn, feel and do. That consumer can be persuaded by giving cues as they are less motivated at times to make active decisions on the information they have. Strong Advertising Likewise AIDA supports the Strong theory as the consumer through advertising is captured or has noticed the prod uct, which later when is interested in the product or the situation would desire would buy the product in resulting as the action. (Strong, 1925). Before that advertising was simply information providing, which maybe true or false or even at time misleading (Turner, 1952).

Psychology of Performance research about my next project Term Paper

Psychology of Performance research about my next project - Term Paper Example After long wanderings Charles returns to the coop just to learn painful truth- dead chickens were infected with bird flu and were killed by the elder and the cow to prevent contamination. Emma knew everything and also wanted to save the lives in the coop. Charles becomes involved into a process of birds â€Å"saving† by killing those which caught the flu but fails to kill his friend Marcy. Finally all chickens and hens die because of the virus and Charles finds out that he has become a main killer himself. The genre can be characterized as adult animation because the scenario is written mostly for the audience older than at least 16-18 year olds. The animation is surreal and mock with main heroes acting like people in the similar to criminal world situations. Obviously, the film incorporates a big quantity of violence and has a plot that is a bit difficult to follow for younger audience. Some details are intentionally shown with attention to injuries and aggression. The film, however, has adult sarcasm which can be understood by the auditory with good sense of humor. The animation also explores some adult social and philosophical issues with major hero dealing with the difficult choice. The audience might mostly consist of men probably because the animation does not have many female characters and any typical attractions for women such as romantic story. The only â€Å"woman† in a film also does not have a good reputation which shows that the world described is a â€Å"men`s world†. However, Emma, the only hen, is shown as brave, loyal, and decisive who can be appreciated by more women nowadays. As the animation is full of scenes of aggression and risky behaviors the film must evoke anxiety in audience first of all. However, taking into account that it is still looks a bit ironical to observe hens and chickens acting like criminals, this emotion can be mixed with amusement and irony. In some cases the

The Perception of Homosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

The Perception of Homosexuality - Essay Example Almost every person feels sexual attraction towards people of the same gender, though some feel it more while others feel it too less to give it any consideration. But people that say that they never felt sexual attraction in the people of their gender ever in their life lie. Knowing this, God has forbidden men to show their private parts to men. Likewise, God has forbidden women to show their private parts to women unless it is inevitable e.g. for medical reasons. The biggest and the most powerful example of the homosexual orientation of human beings is that the people of the Prophet Lut (P.B.U.H.) were involved in homosexuality (â€Å"The People of Lut†). From the viewpoint of the present trend, there should have been only a few people to feel sexual attraction towards people of their gender. But the fact that everybody was involved in homosexuality means it was a culture there, and people had chosen to be gays. This challenges the rationale put forth by the gays that they a re different people sexually, so they should be allowed to enter into gay marriages.

Conflict Management Plan Essay Example for Free

Conflict Management Plan Essay Competing The strength maybe that one person will see the benefits.The weakness will be that the other person in the issue will not benefit the same or at all at the other person in the situation and does not consider the other in the situations. Collaborating The strength is when both parties involved in the issue propose to solve the problem by discussing the differences rather than by accommodating, therefore they benefit from the results.The weakness maybe if both parties agree to re solve the issue but cannot discuss the differences in their issues. Avoiding The strength is when the parties try to move on from the issue and not cause a big deal over it.The weakness maybe that by dismissing the issue; it will never get resolved. Accommodating The strength is when one party involve is willing to be the bigger person and let the other party involve win the situation, in order to keep the peace.The weakness maybe that the person who is willing to let the other win the issue. They will never resolve the issue between them and it is possible that it can be brought up in another situation. Compromising The strength can be that the issue will be solved and both parties neither win nor lose.The weakness maybe that both parties have to give up something in order for the issue to be resolved. Also, both parties to the issue will have incomplete satisfaction. 2.Which of the available conflict management strategies is most appropriate for the current situation with David and James? Provide your rationale, including what factors you considered in making your selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. In James and David situation, the most appropriate conflict management strategy will be the Collaborating and Compromising strategy. According to Robbins and Judge (2011), collaborating is when both individuals involved are in the agreement to solve the conflict in order to make each individual involved happy. It is believed that David and James should talk about the issue and try get to the bottom of where the issue or conflict began. Therefore, when James and David come to an agreement to collaborate and solve the issue, both can be happy with the outcome because not one or the other made the choice alone; it was a team effort. In addition, using the compromising strategy has some similar effects to the collaborating strategy, however, in this case there is no win or lose situation. Both James and David will have to compromise in making a decision in which will not benefit them both, but it will solve the issue. 3. If the selected strategy is not successful, what is your alternate strategy? Provide your rationale for this selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. In James and David situation if the first strategies do not work, the second appropriate conflict management strategy would be to use the accommodating strategy. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, accommodating is when individual involved in the conflict put the best interest of the other party before themselves. This strategy may be tricky because in order for this to work, David or James will have to make a choice to put the other person in front of themselves. As a result, this strategy can strengthen James and David friendship because they will see that no matter what, one of them is willing to accommodate the other in order to keep the peace. 4.What potential road blocks might be encountered in resolving the conflict? How would you address these? Your response should be at least 100 words. 5. In James and David Situation the potential road blocks that might be encountered are communication, structure and personal variable. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, communication, structure and personal variables my not directly lead to conflict however they are necessary in order for conflict to arise. When there is not communication between to individuals problems will arise. Moreover, I would address the issue by using one of the conflict resolution strategies such as the collaborating. I would set James and David to communicate with each other and discuss the issue and try to resolve it amongst each other. Hope the outcomes between both individual is to resolve the conflict. Reference Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (2012). University of Phoenix Material: Conflict Management Plan Plan. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT website. University of Phoenix. (2012). Riordan Manufacturing Virtual Organization [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 Organizational Development website.

Sexual Selection as a Determinant of Certain Traits :: essays papers

Sexual Selection as a Determinant of Certain Traits If you were a male would you rather have a beautiful, impressive, long tail that attracts a lot of women or would you rather have a shorter, less attractive tail that enables you to escape from predators more easily? Living out in the wild among many potential predators, a shorter tail would seem more logical since it would be a more useful trait than a good-looking one. Though the most logical choice, it is not always the case. In many species, traits that would normally be considered awkward or cumbersome are actually favorable. Hard to believe as it may be, these seemingly maladaptive traits can prove to be very useful to certain members of many different species as shown by Darwin’s Theory of Sexual Selection. They enhance the ability of the individual to obtain mates and are therefore very important in the reproductive and evolutionary success of many animals. It is first necessary to understand the basics of Natural Selection before being able to show how Sexual Selection leads to extravagant traits. The main idea behind natural selection is that living organisms change and adapt in order to enhance their ability to survive and reproduce. Those animals that adapt will be more likely to survive and produce more offspring than other animals in the same environment that do not (Boyd and Silk 2000, p. 5), as maintained by Darwin’s second postulate. Phenotypes that are favored by Natural Selection include the ability to care for offspring, acquire resources, and avoid predators. The correlation between Natural Selection and Sexual Selection is the next necessary step to understanding how Sexual Selection accounts for awkward traits. The later of the two can be considered a special category of natural selection. It involves selection for traits only concerned with increasing the probability of mating (Krebs and Davies, 1993, p. 89). It is expressed most strongly in the sex whose access to mates is most limited. In mammalian males, sexual selection tends to have a greater impact on behavior and morphology than does other forms of natural selection. Due to the combination of females investing more in the care of the offspring and the one-to-one population sex ratio, males are usually the ones in competition for females. Male reproductive success also varies much more than that of the female.

Grave of the Fireflies My Personal Reactions Essay

Yet again this is another war movie. But unlike so many American blockbusters that treat brave soldiers as heroes (such as Pearl Harbor, We were soldiers, Windtalkers, etc.), this one addresses war’s brutal impact on innocent civilians, especially children. With the war on Iraq now undergoing, this point has all the more relevance. Under the same American bombing, innocent Iraqi children are now suffering just as much as Seita and Setsuko in this movie have suffered, and even more, for the Iraqi people and land have long known the horrors of poverty, hunger and dictatorship. This essay, with at the beginning a brief summary and an elaboration of three classic scenes in the movie, is going to present to you the three dimensions of the complex feelings that the movie provokes in my heart on a personal level and thus tries to offer an individual yet hopefully worthy viewpoint for those interested in the movie. Summary and Three classic scenes Grave of the Fireflies is based on a semi-autobiographical book by Nosaka Akiyuki about the death of his sister, and is a very well known book in Japan. The movie itself is about a teenager boy named Seita and his 5-year-old sister Setsuko, and how they try to survive in mainland Japan after the entirety of their port town, Kobe, is destroyed by American fire bombings. Their mother dies shortly after the fires are put out, in a graphic and poignant scene at a community hospital. Their father is in the Navy, and unbeknownst to them, has already died in battle. Unable to tell Setsuko that their mother has died, Seita takes her with him to live with their Aunt. The Aunt, however, cares little for them, and barely feeds them. Seita eventually takes Setsuko, and leaves their aunt’s house for a dug-out shelter by a pond, where he struggles hopelessly to find money and items to trade for food. It all spirals downward in a tragic, yet foreseeable, path to a heartbreaking end, which is slow-suffering death for both brother and sister. There are three scenes in the movie that I find particularly striking and believe do most in delivering the themes of this movie. One is when after  the siblings use the fireflies to illuminate the cave, Setsuko is seen the next morning burying the dead insects, and as she tells that she knows her mother has died and is now also in a grave, she asks with her two large sparkling eyes shadowed and barred by the horrors of war, â€Å"Why do fireflies have to die so quickly?† Another comes after Seita carries his little sister to the hospital and is informed that his sister is starving and needs food, he is somber for a moment murmuring ‘food’, then in a sudden burst of desperation, cries out: â€Å"Where am I supposed to get food?† These two questions stabbed my heart like spears the moment I heard them. These are questions that never really need to be answered but they nevertheless need to be remembered. In the last scene, the ghost of Setsuko lays sleeping comfortably in the lap of her older brother, while he gazes at the night sky over the skyline of a fully modernized city. As one critic elaborates on this last shot, and here I quote, â€Å"They live on, though the world has forgotten them, and will continue to live on forever, reliving their story. They have not forgotten the past; they cannot. And neither should we.† Troubled, Moved, and Pity In fact this is a feeling any human being would have after watching this movie. The story the movie tells is heart-rending enough, as could be well seen from the above description and elaboration. However, the movie’s strength is not in the story, but in the untold. From the time Seita’s ghost appears after his death in a train station at the beginning of the movie, the viewer is haunted by the remembrance of what is to come as he retells his story. There are times when the viewer is allowed to forget about the future, but only for a little while, as Seita and Setsuko’s reappearance brings them back to the sad reality of their impending deaths. A feeling is created that some ghosts (like Seita and Setsuko) are still living, breathing people, and are cursed to watch their agony over and over again. In a scene where Setsuko cries violently for her Aunt not to take her mother’s kimonos and sell them for food, the screen pans slowly and deliberately out of vie w of the main characters, where the orange glow of Seita’s ghost appears. He covers his ears and cringes at his sister’s tears, almost crying himself, but can do nothing to stop them. Even the few heart warming scenes in the movie are interrupted by the truth of what the brother and sister face. There is a scene about a half hour into the movie where Seita takes Setsuko to the beach for the first time. It is a beautiful display of sibling love, and flashbacks of warm memories from their family enter the story. They are all too brief, however, as Setsuko soon discovers a dead body from the war wrapped in straw. Seita tells her the man is asleep, and they do not go to the beach again. Another disquieting scene is of Seita’s ghost watching himself carry his sleepy sister on his back, about to enter his Aunt’s house for the first time. He watches, knowing full well what will come of it, but unable to stop it. Indeed, as Roger Ebert, the famous critic for Chicago Sun-times, wrote in his review essay of the movie, one of Grave of the Fireflies’ greatest gifts is its patience; shots are held so we can think about them, characters are glimpsed in private moments, and atmosphere and nature are given time to establish themselves. The movie does not try to create a dramatic plot or atmosphere; rather it narrates the story out simply and directly, giving the animation an amazingly realistic touch and mood. There is time for silence in almost every scene and between scenes. And in these silences allowed for meditation we the audience are deeply troubled by the horrors of war, moved by the beauty and spirit the siblings display while confronting these horrors and at the same time we feel great pity for their tragic fate. Being a Chinese†¦ Being a Chinese, I found myself at times revolting to the movie in the course of viewing, mainly because, I think, it narrates through a Japanese military family’s point of view and takes a great pity upon the Japanese people. I thought to myself: â€Å"How about the cities you bombed and the villages you burned down? You deliberately invaded other countries and you massacred other peoples at will. During World War II, thousands upon thousands of Chinese people not only died from poverty and hunger, they died as victims to your soldiers’ barbaric slaughtering-for-fun-and/or-competition craze, and as experimenters in your notorious chemical weapon labs. You raped our  women and murdered our children, what right have you got to make such a movie and complain to the world about your miseries in a war largely initiated by your own government’s greed for power and resources?† Some of the characters’ remarks in the movie I find offending, like â€Å"Daddy will make them pay for this†, â€Å"†¦defend our country and motherland†, â€Å"We surrendered? The great Japanese Empire surrendered?† etc. Also the portrait of the impression of the boy’s father being loving, upright and brave somewhat angers me. In this movie, the father is the only soldier of the characters involved, and therefore to some extent he represents the Japanese military. This has some effect in creating the false impression that the Japanese military is upright and is only defending their homeland. Moreover, I cannot help thinking that if Seita was but a dozen years older, he would have been fighting somewhere in the Asias or the pacific, tormenting innocent people of other countries and serving the fascist greed of the Japanese government. Nostalgic Mood Still I admire many of the movie’s beautiful scenes. I believe that the scene of numerous fireflies dancing in the dark and around the brother and sister will remain one of animation’s most memorable scenes and it tickles every child’s heart with wonder. The way that the siblings capture fireflies and set them free inside their net is the most peculiar yet fascinating way of illuminating I have ever seen. The effect it produces is overwhelming: imagine sleeping inside such a net! —- Just as the movie shows, it is just like sleeping under the starry sky in the open air! In fact many of the movie’s scenes ring familiarly with my childhood memories. I remember vaguely when I was small I also went out after dark with my peers to capture fireflies; I also crushed the firefly the first time I tried to hold one in my hands. To me, many of the movie’s displays of natural landscapes and field views accord to South China’s beautiful countryside scenery. It resembles my hometown as I remembered. Nowadays things are unfortunately different. Industrialization and modernization have robbed today’s children the privilege and pleasure of swimming in little ponds and catching fireflies and grasshoppers on summer nights. In fact I have never ever seen a firefly when I go back every summer since I came to Beijing. For  me personally, thereof, the movie in some respects counts more as a nostalgic one remembering good old days than a war movie with profound meanings.

Industrialization Essay

Lives of African Americans between 1877 and 1928 and Effects of Industrialization The lives of African Americans between 1877 and 1928 were marked with sufferings as well as attempts to liberalize themselves and achieve civil rights. The era of reconstruction ended in 1876 and so the period between 1877 and 1928 marks the period after reconstruction and also includes the period during the First World War. It is an era marked by inequality and injustices against the African Americans as well as efforts by the African Americans to achieve equality and bring an end to injustices. At this time in history, most of the African Americans lived in the southern part of the United States of America and they were not at peace with the whites. There was tension between the African Americans and the whites at this period where even getting jobs was very hard for the African Americans. Most of the African Americans worked as tenant farmers or sharecroppers. Very few of them got jobs in the mills as the owners of the mills preferred to use white children and white women as they considered African Americans ignorant and lazy(Media Projects Incorporated 34). Only few of the young African Americans attended high school and the African Americans had no legal protection. Most of them got their comfort from music and from the church. In 1910, the African Americans began moving from the south to the north in what is known as the great migration (Media Projects Incorporated 39). This was in response to increasing discrimination. In the First World War, most African Americans were excluded from combat but they supported the war by working as laborers (Media Projects Incorporated 37). This serves to show how racial discrimination was deeply rooted in the United States during this period. The African Americans faced a lot of problems during this time and they made attempts to deal with these problems. At this time, racial segregation was rampant and was supported by the Jim Crow Laws. These laws were meant to limit the freedom of the African Americans by allowing segregation in all areas of the society which included restaurants, hospitals, washrooms, schools, and transport services. The laws were meant to support separation of the black Americans and whites by offering them equal facilities but this was not the case (Media Projects Incorporated 24). The facilities of the blacks were poor in quality and not equal to those of the whites. Some of the African Americans responded to these by defying the laws which led to their prosecution where they always lost the cases. Apart from racial segregation, the African Americans also faced lynchings from white mobs and those who participated in the lynchings often went unpunished (Media Projects Incorporated 26). Records show that most of the lynchings took place in the year 1882 when about four African Americans were killed by the whites each week (Media Projects Incorporated 26). In response to this problem, the African Americans staged protests but these were ignored and so the lynchings continued. Another problem that faced the African Americans was the fact that they were poor. Even though sharecropping was meant to enable the African Americans become independent, it served as a means for the land owners to enslave them as the poor farmers could not afford to pay for their expenses (Media Projects Incorporated 29). Another thing is that the states were passing laws that made it hard for the African Americans to vote which included literacy tests and poll taxes (Media Projects Incorporated 32). The African Americans formed institutions and organizations to address their concerns. One of these is the National Association of Colored Women which was formed in 1896 (Media Projects Incorporated 26). This group aimed at helping the poor in the society by providing health care education. The group also called for the revocation of the Jim Crow Laws as well as ending of racial segregation (Media Projects Incorporated 26). In a bid to ensure that African Americans achieved education, the Tuskegee Institute was started and its aim was to equip the African Americans with skills to enable them to become school teachers as well as gain other skills (Media Projects Incorporated 31). The Niagara Movement was an organization that was founded in 1905 and whose aim was to fight for the African American civil rights. In 1909, the movement included liberalized whites and it changed to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (Media Projects Incorporated 39). It comprised of African Americans and liberal whites and it sought equality between the whites and African Americans. Another organization is the American Citizens’ Equal Rights Association which fought for equality. Different people led the African Americans at this time. One of these is Booker T. Washington who was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute. His approach to achieving civil rights was that African Americans should have concentrated on improving themselves economically rather than concentrating on demanding civil rights and social equality (Media Projects Incorporated 38). He also advocated for acceptance of racial segregation. Another leader was Du Bois who started the Niagara Movement and his approach to achieving civil rights was that higher education and not mere trades was the way to equality (Media Projects Incorporated 38). Though the African Americans were relentless in their fight for equality, they achieved little by the end of 1920s. By the end of 1920s African Americans could buy homes in neighborhoods that belonged to whites but they did not live in peace and were constantly being terrorized by gangs and the police did not intervene in these cases (Schneider 66). Segregation in the northern schools by this time was gaining popularity and by the end of the 1920s, most of the schools in the northern part of the U. S. practiced segregation just like in the south (Schneider 67). A remarkable achievement was the reduction of the lynchings. For example in 1929 there were only 7 African American lynchings (Schneider 63). Generally, the civil rights activists did their best to fight for equality but by the end of 1920s the fight for equality was far from over. In fact it can only be said to be a remarkable period during which the fight for equality was gaining momentum as is seen by African Americans failure to take oppression sitting down. The lives of African Americans were greatly affected by industrialization. Following industrialization there was urbanization and this led to migration of African Americans from the south where they were largely concentrated to the northern cities. Industrialization increased conflict between the whites and the African Americans in some ways in that these two groups now had to compete for the available jobs (Healey 197). With the complexity of the industrial structure, there were less cases of discrimination especially when it came to allocation of jobs based on race and this meant that in industries the Jim Crow Laws were not applied. This also meant that the opportunities for the African Americans who were among the minority increased. Immigrants were also affected by industrialization. The increased demand for labor in the industries encouraged immigration. The government policies at that time did not restrict immigration. Industrialization created job opportunities for these immigrants. The period between 1890 and 1910 saw immigration of a large number of people into U. S. (Howard and Pintozzi 106). The immigrants came into U. S. due to industrialization but the motives were different; there were those who immigrated into U. S. to escape hardships in their countries while others immigrated in search of jobs. These people had cultural practices that differed greatly with those of the Americans and the increased immigration led to overcrowding in the towns. This led to introduction of immigration restrictions. For example in 1907 Japan and U. S. signed an agreement that would see Japan limit immigration into the U. S (Howard and Pintozzi 106). Industrialization also affected farmers. Industrialization led to abandonment of farming by the farmers where they moved to cities in pursuit of higher wages (Howard and Pintozzi 104). Lower wages in the farming sector was due to increased costs of farming as well as well as a reduction in the cost of agricultural products (Howard and Pintozzi 104). On the other hand, farmers benefited from industrialization in that the increased number of people living in the cities meant that there was a ready market for the agricultural foods. The railroads facilitated this in that they provided a means for the transportation of farm produce into the cities. In addition, some of the factories utilized farm products and this meant that the farmers had a market for their products. Another thing is that industrialization led to advancement in agricultural equipments as well as agricultural techniques and this led to increased production. Another group that was affected by industrialization is the industrial workers. Following industrialization, the composition of industrial workers changed greatly where the number of child laborers increased greatly. These child laborers were members of families that had moved from the farms to the cities in search of better wages (Healey 197). They were more popular among the factory employers than the adult laborers as they were cheap and less likely to strike. This increase in child labor led to rise of movements that advocated for labor reform. Another thing is that the bulk of industrial workers during this period comprised of immigrants (Healey 197). These industrial workers benefitted from improved products following the introduction of better agricultural techniques. Due to a large number of the people who were willing to work in the industries, the industries paid their workers low wages, the workers worked for long hours, and above all the working conditions were deplorable (Healey 197). This led the industrial workers to form labor unions during this period in an attempt to demand for improved working conditions. Clearly the period between 1877 and 1928 is an important period in the history of U. S. It is a period marked by endless struggles by the African American community as they try to fight injustices and gain equal rights with the whites. It is also an era marked by great changes in the American society following industrialization.